Augmentation of audio/video content with enhanced interactive content

ABSTRACT

Provided are systems and methods for augmenting audio/video content with enhanced interactive content. Events are detected in the audio/video content and contextual information is determined corresponding to the events using enhanced metadata and content-specific data. Indicators are displayed to indicate the occurrence of an event and the information about the event is provided.

The present disclosure is directed towards augmentation of audio/videocontent with enhanced interactive content for display on user equipment.

BACKGROUND

Video and audio content sometimes relies on a consumer of that contentto be knowledgeable about a particular subject in order to fullyunderstand and appreciate the content. For example, sports broadcastspresume that the viewer understands the rules of the particular sportbeing broadcast. Certain sports broadcasts might include commentaryfrom, for example, announcers. However, such commentary often does notprovide sufficient detail to a viewer who has very little or nounderstanding of nuances of the sport.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a computer-implemented method foraugmenting audio/video content. The method comprises detecting, usingprocessing equipment, an event during a time segment of the audio/videocontent based on data in the audio/video content corresponding to thetime segment. The method further comprises identifying, using theprocessing equipment, enhanced metadata associated with the event in anenhanced metadata database. The method further comprises extracting,using the processing equipment, content-specific data from theaudio/video content. The method further comprises augmenting, using theprocessing equipment, the audio/video content with the enhanced metadataand with the content-specific data to generate augmented content. Themethod further comprises providing the augmented content for display onuser equipment during playback of the time segment.

The present disclosure provides a system for augmenting audio/videocontent. The system comprises electronic storage equipment configured tostore an enhanced metadata database. The system further comprisesprocessing equipment coupled to the electronic storage equipment andconfigured to detect an event during a time segment of the audio/videocontent based on data in the audio/video content corresponding to thetime segment. The processing equipment is further configured to identifyenhanced metadata associated with the event in the enhanced metadatadatabase. The processing equipment is further configured to extractcontent-specific data from the audio/video content. The processingequipment is further configured to augment the audio/video content withthe enhanced metadata and with the content-specific data to generateaugmented content. The processing equipment is further configured toprovide the augmented content for display on user equipment duringplayback of the time segment.

The present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readablemedium having computer instructions stored thereon for programming acomputer to perform a method comprising detecting, using processingequipment, an event during a time segment of the audio/video contentbased on data in the audio/video content corresponding to the timesegment. The method further comprises identifying, using the processingequipment, enhanced metadata associated with the event in an enhancedmetadata database. The method further comprises extracting, using theprocessing equipment, content-specific data from the audio/videocontent. The method further comprises augmenting, using the processingequipment, the audio/video content with the enhanced metadata and withthe content-specific data to generate augmented content. The methodfurther comprises providing the augmented content for display on userequipment during playback of the time segment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure, in accordance with one or more variousembodiments, is described in detail with reference to the followingfigures. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only andmerely depict typical or example embodiments. These drawings areprovided to facilitate an understanding of the concepts disclosed hereinand shall not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, orapplicability of these concepts.

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative use case of enhanced interactive content inaccordance with some embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an illustrative user equipment device inaccordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an illustrative media system in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of illustrative steps for providing augmentedcontent in accordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for providingaudio/video content that has been augmented to include contextualinformation. More particularly, audio/video content is augmented withcontextual information derived from the content itself, from enhancedmetadata, or both.

For example, the audio/video content may be related to a sportsbroadcast. In this example, as events take place during the course ofthe sports broadcast, interactive indicators may be displayed in realtime on a display device of the user equipment indicating thatcontextual information is available regarding an event taking place inthe sports broadcast. When an indicator is selected, respectiveinformation may be displayed about an event that is currently takingplace or has very recently taken place in the sports broadcast. Forexample, one or more applicable rules associated with the event may bedisplayed to help explain what is currently happening. In someembodiments, specific contextual information may be used to add clarityto the event, such as providing names of players, names of teams, anyother suitable information specific to the particular sports broadcast,or any combination thereof.

FIG. 1 illustrates this example by showing an audio/video contentbroadcast display screen 102 of a soccer game. Display screen 102includes a video image of the soccer game as well as interactiveindicators 104 and 106. Indicators are displayed on display screen 102when enhanced content is available. User selection 108 or 110 of aninteractive indicator 104 or 106, respectively, will result in displayscreen 112 or 114 being displayed, respectively.

As illustrated, interactive indicator 104 corresponds to a yellow cardevent in the soccer game broadcast. User selection of interactiveindicator 104 causes enhanced content 116 to be displayed simultaneouslywith the soccer game broadcast video. In the illustrated example,enhanced content 116 includes contextual information “A YELLOW CARDAGAINST SMITH FOR TACKLING JOHNSON” providing the user with informationabout what occurred during the event, including specific informationabout the players involved. Also included in enhanced content 116 iscontextual information “A YELLOW CARD IS USED TO WARN A PLAYER FOLLOWINGMISCONDUCT,” which provides a recitation of a rule that corresponds tothe event. Therefore, by virtue of the contextual information providedby enhanced content 116, the user is informed that the event which hasoccurred involved a particular player (i.e., “Smith”) being given ayellow card for tackling another player (i.e., “Johnson”). To betterinform the user, the general definition of a “yellow card” is alsoprovided.

As illustrated, interactive indicator 106 corresponds to a penalty kickevent in the soccer game broadcast. User selection of interactiveindicator 106 causes enhanced content 118 to be displayed simultaneouslywith the soccer game broadcast video. In the illustrated example,enhanced content 118 includes contextual information “JOHNSON AWARDED APENALTY KICK” providing the user with information about what occurredduring the event, including specific information about the playersinvolved. Also included in enhanced content 118 is contextualinformation “A PENALTY KICK IS AWARDED WHEN AN APPLICABLE OFFENSE ISCOMMITTED BY THE OPPOSING TEAM IN THEIR PENALTY AREA,” which provides arecitation of a rule that corresponds to the event. Therefore, by virtueof the contextual information provided by enhanced content 118, the useris informed that the event that has occurred involved a particularplayer (i.e., “Johnson”) being awarded a penalty kick. To better informthe user, the general rule for when a penalty kick is awarded is alsoprovided.

The interactive enhanced content features described in the presentdisclosure are provided by a content application. The contentapplication includes any suitable software, hardware, computer andnetwork infrastructure and architecture, or any combination thereof, forimplementing the functionality described herein. The content applicationmay be implemented in a single device or across multiple devices. Thecontent application may be implemented in a single location or acrossmultiple locations on one or more computer networks, telecommunicationsnetworks, or both. The content application may be implemented on asingle platform or across multiple disparate platforms.

“Contextual information” refers to any data relevant to a particulargenre of content, to any suitable sub-genre of content, to any specificcontent, to any specific portion of a specific content, or anycombination thereof. Contextual information may include, for example,rules of any particular sport. As discussed above with respect to FIG.1, contextual information, in that example, includes the rules of socceras well as definitions of soccer terms. As also discussed with respectto the example of FIG. 1, contextual information includes specificinformation about the particular audio/video content (i.e., theparticular soccer game broadcast in FIG. 1).

Contextual information may include enhanced metadata, content-specificdata, or both. “Enhanced metadata” refers to data associated with anaudio/visual content or group of audio/video content having something incommon. Enhanced metadata is pre-defined and may be delivered togetherwith corresponding audio/visual content or may be communicatedseparately from corresponding audio/visual content, or both. Enhancedmetadata is created and stored specifically to be accessed to be used ascontextual information in providing enhanced content in accordance withthe present disclosure. In some embodiments, at least a portion ofenhanced metadata that corresponds to any particular piece ofaudio/visional content may be stored in an enhanced metadata database,discussed more fully below.

“Content-specific data” refers to data associated with a particularpiece of audio/visual content, which defines specific substantiveattributes of that content (e.g., names, places, events, etc.).Content-specific data is distinguished from enhanced metadata in thatthe content-specific data is not accessed from pre-defined data that wascreated and stored specifically to be accessed to be used as contextualinformation in providing enhanced content. Rather, content-specific datais derived from the audio/video content itself. For example,content-specific data may be derived from analyzing caption data of aparticular audio/video content.

Different pieces of contextual information can be combined to form newcontextual information. For example, enhanced content 116 and 118 arerespective amalgamations of different pieces of contextual information.Enhanced content 116 includes enhanced metadata that defines a yellowcard event in a soccer game. This metadata is combined withcontent-specific data defining the relevant actors in the event, “Smith”and “Johnson.” In addition, enhanced metadata defining the term “yellowcard” is provided. Similarly, enhanced content 118 relies on acombination of enhanced metadata defining a penalty kick event in soccerwith content-specific data defining the relevant actor for this event.Enhanced metadata is further used to provide an explanation of a penaltykick in soccer.

“Enhanced interactive content” refers to any of the content used toaugment or otherwise enhance audio/video content. Enhanced interactivecontent includes indicators (interactive, passive, or both)corresponding to events occurring in a corresponding audio/videocontent. Enhanced interactive content includes any enhanced contentprovided to a user, such as enhanced content 116 and 118 in the exampleillustrated in FIG. 1. Enhanced interactive content also includes anyrelevant contextual information.

“Audio/video content” refers to audio data, video data, other datacommunicated together with the audio or video data (e.g., caption data,vertical blanking interval data, any other suitable data, or anycombination thereof), or any combination thereof, that defines aparticular media asset such as a sports broadcast, television show,film, music video, newscast, or any other suitable media asset.

Users may access enhanced interactive content, including contextualinformation, and the content application from one or more of their userequipment devices. FIG. 2 shows generalized embodiments of illustrativeuser equipment device 200. For example, user equipment device 200 may bea smartphone device or a remote control. In another example, userequipment system 201 may be a user television equipment system. Usertelevision equipment system 201 may include a set-top box 216. Set-topbox 216 may be communicatively connected to speaker 214 and display 212.In some embodiments, display 212 may be a television display or acomputer display. In some embodiments, set top box 216 may becommunicatively connected to user interface input 210. In someembodiments, user interface input 210 may be a remote control device.Set-top box 216 may include one or more circuit boards. In someembodiments, the circuit boards may include processing circuitry,control circuitry, and storage (e.g., RAM, ROM, Hard Disk, RemovableDisk, etc.). In some embodiments, circuit boards may include aninput/output path. More specific implementations of user equipmentdevices are discussed below in connection with FIG. 3. Each one of userequipment device 200 and user equipment system 201 may receive contentand data via input/output (hereinafter “I/O”) path 202. I/O path 202 mayprovide content (e.g., broadcast programming, on-demand programming,Internet content, content available over a local area network (LAN) orwide area network (WAN), enhanced interactive content (includingcontextual information) and/or other content) and data to controlcircuitry 204, which includes processing circuitry 206 and storage 208.Control circuitry 204 may be used to send and receive commands,requests, and other suitable data using I/O path 202. I/O path 202 mayconnect control circuitry 204 (and specifically processing circuitry206) to one or more communications paths (described below). I/Ofunctions may be provided by one or more of these communications pathsbut are shown as a single path in FIG. 2 to avoid overcomplicating thedrawing.

Control circuitry 204 may be based on any suitable processing circuitrysuch as processing circuitry 206. As referred to herein, processingcircuitry should be understood to mean circuitry based on one or moremicroprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors,programmable logic devices, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs),application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc., and may includea multi-core processor (e.g., dual-core, quad-core, hexa-core, or anysuitable number of cores) or supercomputer. In some embodiments,processing circuitry may be distributed across multiple separateprocessors or processing units, for example, multiple of the same typeof processing units (e.g., two Intel Core i7 processors) or multipledifferent processors (e.g., an Intel Core i5 processor and an Intel Corei7 processor). In some embodiments, control circuitry 204 executesinstructions for an application stored in memory (e.g., storage 208),such the content application. Specifically, control circuitry 204 may beinstructed by the content application to perform the functions discussedabove and below. For example, the content application may provideinstructions to control circuitry 204 to generate the enhancedinteractive content, including indicators and contextual information. Insome implementations, any action performed by control circuitry 204 maybe based on instructions received from the content application.

In client-server based embodiments, control circuitry 204 may includecommunications circuitry suitable for communicating with a contentapplication server or other networks or servers. The instructions forcarrying out the above-mentioned functionality may be stored on thecontent application server. Communications circuitry may include a cablemodem, an integrated services digital network (ISDN) modem, a digitalsubscriber line (DSL) modem, a telephone modem, Ethernet card, or awireless modem for communications with other equipment, or any othersuitable communications circuitry. Such communications may involve theInternet or any other suitable communications networks or paths (whichis described in more detail in connection with FIG. 3). In addition,communications circuitry may include circuitry that enables peer-to-peercommunication of user equipment devices, or communication of userequipment devices in locations remote from each other (described in moredetail below).

Memory may be an electronic storage device provided as storage 208 thatis part of control circuitry 204. As referred to herein, the phrase“electronic storage device” or “storage device” should be understood tomean any device for storing electronic data, computer software, orfirmware, such as random-access memory, read-only memory, hard drives,optical drives, digital video disc (DVD) recorders, compact disc (CD)recorders, BLU-RAY disc (BD) recorders, BLU-RAY 3D disc recorders,digital video recorders (DVR, sometimes called a personal videorecorder, or PVR), solid state devices, quantum storage devices, gamingconsoles, gaming media, or any other suitable fixed or removable storagedevices, and/or any combination of the same. Storage 208 may be used tostore various types of content described herein as well as enhancedinteractive content data described above. Nonvolatile memory may also beused (e.g., to launch a boot-up routine and other instructions).Cloud-based storage, described in relation to FIG. 3, may be used tosupplement storage 208 or instead of storage 208.

Control circuitry 204 may include video-generating circuitry and tuningcircuitry, such as one or more analog tuners, one or more MPEG-2decoders or other digital decoding circuitry, high-definition tuners, orany other suitable tuning or video circuits or combinations of suchcircuits. Encoding circuitry (e.g., for converting over-the-air, analog,or digital signals to MPEG signals for storage) may also be provided.Control circuitry 204 may also include scaler circuitry forup-converting and down-converting content into the preferred outputformat of the user equipment 200. Circuitry 204 may also includedigital-to-analog converter circuitry and analog-to-digital convertercircuitry for converting between digital and analog signals. The tuningand encoding circuitry may be used by the user equipment device toreceive and to display, to play, or to record content. The tuning andencoding circuitry may also be used to receive enhanced interactivecontent data. The circuitry described herein, including, for example,the tuning, video-generating, encoding, decoding, encrypting,decrypting, scaler, and analog/digital circuitry, may be implementedusing software running on one or more general purpose or specializedprocessors. Multiple tuners may be provided to handle simultaneoustuning functions (e.g., watch and record functions, picture-in-picture(PIP) functions, multiple-tuner recording, etc.). If storage 208 isprovided as a separate device from user equipment 200, the tuning andencoding circuitry (including multiple tuners) may be associated withstorage 208.

A user may send instructions to control circuitry 204 using user inputinterface 210. User input interface 210 may be any suitable userinterface, such as a remote control, mouse, trackball, keypad, keyboard,touchscreen, touchpad, stylus input, joystick, voice recognitioninterface, or other user input interfaces. Display 212 may be providedas a stand-alone device or integrated with other elements of each one ofuser equipment device 200 and user equipment system 201. For example,display 212 may be a touchscreen or touch-sensitive display. In suchcircumstances, user input interface 210 may be integrated with orcombined with display 212. Display 212 may be one or more of a monitor,a television, a liquid crystal display (LCD) for a mobile device,amorphous silicon display, low temperature poly silicon display,electronic ink display, electrophoretic display, active matrix display,electro-wetting display, electrofluidic display, cathode ray tubedisplay, light-emitting diode display, electroluminescent display,plasma display panel, high-performance addressing display, thin-filmtransistor display, organic light-emitting diode display,surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED), laser television,carbon nanotubes, quantum dot display, interferometric modulatordisplay, or any other suitable equipment for displaying visual images.In some embodiments, display 212 may be HDTV-capable. In someembodiments, display 212 may be a 3D display, and the interactiveapplication and any suitable content may be displayed in 3D. A videocard or graphics card may generate the output to the display 212. Thevideo card may offer various functions such as accelerated rendering of3D scenes and 2D graphics, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or theability to connect multiple monitors. The video card may be anyprocessing circuitry described above in relation to control circuitry204. The video card may be integrated with the control circuitry 204.Speakers 214 may be provided as integrated with other elements of eachone of user equipment device 200 and user equipment system 201 or may bestand-alone units. The audio component of videos and other contentdisplayed on display 212 may be played through speakers 214. In someembodiments, the audio may be distributed to a receiver (not shown),which processes and outputs the audio via speakers 214.

The content application may be implemented using any suitablearchitecture. For example, it may be a stand-alone application whollyimplemented on each one of user equipment device 200 and user equipmentsystem 201. In such an approach, instructions of the content applicationare stored locally (e.g., in storage 208), and data for use by thecontent application is downloaded on a periodic basis (e.g., from anout-of-band feed, from an Internet resource, or using another suitableapproach). Control circuitry 204 may retrieve instructions of thecontent application from storage 208 and process the instructions togenerate any of the displays discussed herein. Based on the processedinstructions, control circuitry 204 may determine what action to performwhen input is received from input interface 210. For example, movementof a cursor on a display up/down may be indicated by the processedinstructions when input interface 210 indicates that an up/down buttonwas selected.

In some embodiments, the content application is a client-server basedapplication. Data for use by a thick or thin client implemented on eachone of user equipment device 200 and user equipment system 201 isretrieved on-demand by issuing requests to a server remote to each oneof user equipment device 200 and user equipment system 201. In oneexample of a client-server based content application, control circuitry204 runs a web browser that interprets web pages provided by a remoteserver. For example, the remote server may store the instructions forthe content application in a storage device. The remote server mayprocess the stored instructions using circuitry (e.g., control circuitry204) and generate the displays discussed above and below. The clientdevice may receive the displays generated by the remote server and maydisplay the content of the displays locally on equipment device 200.This way, the processing of the instructions is performed remotely bythe server while the resulting displays are provided locally onequipment device 200. Equipment device 200 may receive inputs from theuser via input interface 210 and transmit those inputs to the remoteserver for processing and generating the corresponding displays. Forexample, equipment device 200 may transmit a communication to the remoteserver indicating that an up/down button was selected via inputinterface 210. The remote server may process instructions in accordancewith that input and generate a display of the content applicationcorresponding to the input (e.g., a display that moves a cursorup/down). The generated display is then transmitted to equipment device200 for presentation to the user.

In some embodiments, the content application is downloaded andinterpreted or otherwise run by an interpreter or virtual machine (runby control circuitry 204). In some embodiments, the content applicationmay be encoded in the ETV Binary Interchange Format (EBIF), received bycontrol circuitry 204 as part of a suitable feed, and interpreted by auser agent running on control circuitry 204. For example, the contentapplication may be an EBIF application. In some embodiments, the contentapplication may be defined by a series of JAVA-based files that arereceived and run by a local virtual machine or other suitable middlewareexecuted by control circuitry 204. In some of such embodiments (e.g.,those employing MPEG-2 or other digital media encoding schemes), thecontent application may be, for example, encoded and transmitted in anMPEG-2 object carousel with the MPEG audio and video packets of aprogram.

Each one of user equipment device 200 and user equipment system 201 ofFIG. 2 can be implemented in system 300 of FIG. 3 as user televisionequipment 302, user computer equipment 304, wireless user communicationsdevice 306, or any other type of user equipment suitable for accessingcontent, such as a non-portable gaming machine. For simplicity, thesedevices may be referred to herein collectively as user equipment or userequipment devices and may be substantially similar to user equipmentdevices described above. User equipment devices, on which the contentapplication may be implemented, may function as a standalone device ormay be part of a network of devices. Various network configurations ofdevices may be implemented and are discussed in more detail below.

A user equipment device utilizing at least some of the system featuresdescribed above in connection with FIG. 2 may not be classified solelyas user television equipment 302, user computer equipment 304, or awireless user communications device 306. For example, user televisionequipment 302 may, like some user computer equipment 304, beInternet-enabled allowing for access to Internet content, while usercomputer equipment 304 may, like some television equipment 302, includea tuner allowing for access to television programming. The contentapplication may have the same layout on various different types of userequipment or may be tailored to the display capabilities of the userequipment. For example, on user computer equipment 304, the contentapplication may be provided as a website accessed by a web browser. Inanother example, the content application may be scaled down for wirelessuser communications devices 306.

In system 300, there is typically more than one of each type of userequipment device but only one of each is shown in FIG. 3 to avoidovercomplicating the drawing. In addition, each user may utilize morethan one type of user equipment device and also more than one of eachtype of user equipment device.

In some embodiments, a user equipment device (e.g., user televisionequipment 302, user computer equipment 304, wireless user communicationsdevice 306) may be referred to as a “second screen device.” For example,a second screen device may supplement content presented on a first userequipment device. The content presented on the second screen device maybe any suitable content that supplements the content presented on thefirst device. In some embodiments, the second screen device provides aninterface for adjusting settings and display preferences of the firstdevice. In some embodiments, the second screen device is configured forinteracting with other second screen devices or for interacting with asocial network. The second screen device can be located in the same roomas the first device, a different room from the first device but in thesame house or building, or in a different building from the firstdevice.

The user equipment devices may be coupled to communications network 314.Namely, user television equipment 302, user computer equipment 304, andwireless user communications device 306 are coupled to communicationsnetwork 314 via communications paths 308, 310, and 312, respectively.Communications network 314 may be one or more networks including theInternet, a mobile phone network, mobile voice or data network (e.g., a4G or LTE network), cable network, public switched telephone network, orother types of communications network or combinations of communicationsnetworks. Paths 308, 310, and 312 may separately or together include oneor more communications paths, such as, a satellite path, a fiber-opticpath, a cable path, a path that supports Internet communications (e.g.,IPTV), free-space connections (e.g., for broadcast or other wirelesssignals), or any other suitable wired or wireless communications path orcombination of such paths. Path 312 is drawn with dotted lines toindicate that in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 it is awireless path and paths 308 and 310 are drawn as solid lines to indicatethey are wired paths (although these paths may be wireless paths, ifdesired). Communications with the user equipment devices may be providedby one or more of these communications paths but are shown as a singlepath in FIG. 3 to avoid overcomplicating the drawing.

Although communications paths are not drawn between user equipmentdevices, these devices may communicate directly with each other viacommunication paths, such as those described above in connection withpaths 308, 310, and 312, as well as other short-range point-to-pointcommunication paths, such as USB cables, IEEE 1394 cables, wirelesspaths (e.g., Bluetooth, infrared, IEEE 302-11x, etc.), or othershort-range communication via wired or wireless paths. BLUETOOTH is acertification mark owned by Bluetooth SIG, INC. The user equipmentdevices may also communicate with each other directly through anindirect path via communications network 314.

System 300 includes content source 316 and enhanced metadata source 318coupled to communications network 314 via communication paths 320 and322, respectively. Paths 320 and 322 may include any of thecommunication paths described above in connection with paths 308, 310,and 312. Communications with the content source 316 and enhancedmetadata source 318 may be exchanged over one or more communicationspaths but are shown as a single path in FIG. 3 to avoid overcomplicatingthe drawing. In addition, there may be more than one of each of contentsource 316 and enhanced metadata source 318, but only one of each isshown in FIG. 3 to avoid overcomplicating the drawing. (The differenttypes of each of these sources are discussed below.) If desired, contentsource 316 and enhanced metadata source 318 may be integrated as onesource device. Although communications between sources 316 and 318 withuser equipment devices 302, 304, and 306 are shown as throughcommunications network 314, in some embodiments, sources 316 and 318 maycommunicate directly with user equipment devices 302, 304, and 306 viacommunication paths (not shown) such as those described above inconnection with paths 308, 310, and 312. Enhanced metadata source 318may contain an enhanced metadata database.

Content source 316 may include one or more types of content distributionequipment including a television distribution facility, cable systemheadend, satellite distribution facility, programming sources (e.g.,television broadcasters, such as NBC, ABC, HBO, etc.), intermediatedistribution facilities and/or servers, Internet providers, on-demandmedia servers, and other content providers. NBC is a trademark owned bythe National Broadcasting Company, Inc., ABC is a trademark owned by theAmerican Broadcasting Company, Inc., and HBO is a trademark owned by theHome Box Office, Inc. Content source 316 may be the originator ofcontent (e.g., a television broadcaster, a Webcast provider, etc.) orneed not be the originator of content (e.g., an on-demand contentprovider, an Internet provider of content of broadcast programs fordownloading, etc.). Content source 316 may include cable sources,satellite providers, on-demand providers, Internet providers,over-the-top content providers, or other providers of content. Contentsource 316 may also include a remote media server used to storedifferent types of content (including video content selected by a user),in a location remote from any of the user equipment devices. Systems andmethods for remote storage of content and providing remotely storedcontent to user equipment are discussed in greater detail in connectionwith Ellis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,761,892, issued Jul. 20, 2010, whichis hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Enhanced metadata source 318 may provide enhanced metadata, includingcontextual information for respective audio/video content objectsprovided by content source 316. Enhanced metadata may be provided to theuser equipment devices using any suitable approach. In some embodiments,the content application may be a stand-alone application that receivesenhanced metadata via a data feed (e.g., a continuous feed or tricklefeed). Enhanced metadata and other data may be provided to the userequipment on a television channel sideband, using an in-band digitalsignal, using an out-of-band digital signal, or by any other suitabledata transmission technique. Enhanced metadata and other data may beprovided to user equipment on multiple analog or digital televisionchannels.

In some embodiments, enhanced metadata from enhanced metadata source 318may be provided to user equipment using a client-server approach. Forexample, a user equipment device may pull enhanced metadata from aserver, or a server may push enhanced metadata to a user equipmentdevice. In some embodiments, a content application client residing onthe user's equipment may initiate sessions with source 318 to obtainenhanced metadata when needed, such as when the local enhanced metadatais out of date or when the user equipment device receives a request fromthe user to receive data. Enhanced metadata may be provided to the userequipment with any suitable frequency (e.g., continuously, daily, auser-specified period of time, a system-specified period of time, inresponse to a request from user equipment, etc.). Enhanced metadatasource 318 may provide user equipment devices 302, 304, and 306 thecontent application itself or software updates for the contentapplication.

Applications may be, for example, stand-alone applications implementedon user equipment devices. For example, the content application may beimplemented as software or a set of executable instructions which may bestored in storage 208 and executed by control circuitry 204 of each oneof user equipment device 200 and user equipment system 201. In someembodiments, applications may be client-server applications where only aclient application resides on the user equipment device, and a serverapplication resides on a remote server. For example, applications may beimplemented partially as a client application on control circuitry 204of each one of user equipment device 200 and user equipment system 201and partially on a remote server as a server application (e.g., enhancedmetadata source 318) running on control circuitry of the remote server.When executed by control circuitry of the remote server (such asenhanced metadata source 318), the content application may instruct thecontrol circuitry to generate the content application displays andtransmit the generated displays to the user equipment devices. Theserver application may instruct the control circuitry of the enhancedmetadata source 318 to transmit data for storage on the user equipment.The client application may instruct control circuitry of the receivinguser equipment to generate the content application displays.

Content and/or enhanced metadata delivered to user equipment devices302, 304, and 306 may be over-the-top (OTT) content. OTT contentdelivery allows Internet-enabled user devices, including any userequipment device described above, to receive content that is transferredover the Internet, including any content described above, in addition tocontent received over cable or satellite connections. OTT content isdelivered via an Internet connection provided by an Internet serviceprovider (ISP), but a third party distributes the content. The ISP neednot be responsible for the viewing abilities, copyrights, orredistribution of the content, and, in one suitable approach, onlytransfer IP packets provided by the OTT content provider. Examples ofOTT content providers include YOUTUBE, NETFLIX, and HULU, which provideaudio and video via IP packets. YouTube is a trademark owned by GoogleInc., Netflix is a trademark owned by Netflix Inc., and Hulu is atrademark owned by Hulu, LLC. OTT content providers may additionally oralternatively provide enhanced metadata described above. In addition tocontent and/or enhanced metadata, providers of OTT content candistribute applications (e.g., web-based applications or cloud-basedapplications), or the content can be displayed by applications stored onthe user equipment device.

System 300 is intended to illustrate a number of approaches, or networkconfigurations, by which user equipment devices and sources of contentand enhanced metadata may communicate with each other for the purpose ofaccessing content and providing respective contextual information. Theembodiments described herein may be applied in any one or a subset ofthese approaches, or in a system employing other approaches fordelivering content and providing contextual information.

For example, in one suitable approach, user equipment devices mayoperate in a cloud computing environment to access cloud services. In acloud computing environment, various types of computing services forcontent sharing, storage or distribution (e.g., video sharing sites orsocial networking sites) are provided by a collection ofnetwork-accessible computing and storage resources, referred to as “thecloud.” For example, the cloud can include a collection of servercomputing devices, which may be located centrally or at distributedlocations, that provide cloud-based services to various types of usersand devices connected via a network such as the Internet viacommunications network 314. These cloud resources may include one ormore content sources 316 and one or more enhanced metadata sources 318.In addition, or in the alternative, the remote computing sites mayinclude other user equipment devices, such as user television equipment302, user computer equipment 304, and wireless user communicationsdevice 306. For example, the other user equipment devices may provideaccess to a stored copy of a video or a streamed video. In suchembodiments, user equipment devices may operate in a peer-to-peer mannerwithout communicating with a central server.

The cloud provides access to services, such as content storage, contentsharing, or social networking services, among other examples, as well asaccess to any content described above, for user equipment devices.Services can be provided in the cloud through cloud computing serviceproviders, or through other providers of online services. For example,the cloud-based services can include a content storage service, acontent sharing site, a social networking site, or other services viawhich user-sourced content is distributed for viewing by others onconnected devices. These cloud-based services may allow a user equipmentdevice to store content to the cloud and to receive content from thecloud rather than storing content locally and accessing locally storedcontent.

A user may use various content capture devices, such as camcorders,digital cameras with video mode, audio recorders, mobile phones, andhandheld computing devices, to record content. The user can uploadcontent to a content storage service on the cloud either directly, forexample, from user computer equipment 304 or wireless usercommunications device 306 having a content capture feature.Alternatively, the user can first transfer the content to a userequipment device, such as user computer equipment 304. The userequipment device storing the content uploads the content to the cloudusing a data transmission service on communications network 314. In someembodiments, the user equipment device itself is a cloud resource, andother user equipment devices can access the content directly from theuser equipment device on which the user stored the content.

Cloud resources may be accessed by a user equipment device using, forexample, a web browser, an application, a desktop application, a mobileapplication, and/or any combination of access applications of the same.The user equipment device may be a cloud client that relies on cloudcomputing for application delivery, or the user equipment device mayhave some functionality without access to cloud resources. For example,some applications running on the user equipment device may be cloudapplications, i.e., applications delivered as a service over theInternet, while other applications may be stored and run on the userequipment device. In some embodiments, a user device may receive contentfrom multiple cloud resources simultaneously. For example, a user devicecan stream audio from one cloud resource while downloading content froma second cloud resource. Or a user device can download content frommultiple cloud resources for more efficient downloading. In someembodiments, user equipment devices can use cloud resources forprocessing operations such as the processing operations performed byprocessing circuitry described in relation to FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of illustrative steps 400 for augmentingaudio/video content with interactive enhanced content in accordance withthe present disclosure. At step 402, the content application detects anevent occurring in the audio/video content. In some embodiments,enhanced metadata associated with the audio/video content may have beengenerated that defines time segments of the audio/video content ascorresponding to respective events. For example, enhanced metadatacommunicated to user equipment 302/304/306 together with the audio/videocontent from media content source 316, enhanced metadata communicated touser equipment 302/304/306 from enhanced metadata source 318, or bothmay identify events within the audio/video content. In some embodiments,the content application may analyze audio/video content itself, toidentify events therein. For example, closed-captioning data, alsoreferred to herein as caption data, may be analyzed using any suitablelanguage processor technology to identify when certain predefined eventsoccur. To illustrate, the content application can identify audio/videocontent as being a soccer broadcast using any suitable tag information,metadata, or caption data indicating the nature of the audio/videocontent. Once the content is determined to be a soccer game broadcast,the content application identifies a list of possible events that occurin a soccer match (e.g., by accessing enhanced metadata from enhancedmetadata source 318). In one suitable approach, each of the events maybe associated with one or more respective keywords. Caption data is thenanalyzed to determine which of the events occur and when they occurbased on the keywords. In another suitable approach, the audio dataportion of the audio/video content, to the extent there is one, may beanalyzed by the content application using any suitable languagerecognition techniques to identify the keywords in order to identifyevents and have them correspond to respective time segments. In onesuitable approach, the content application may analyze the video data ofthe audio/video content using, for example, any suitable computer visiontechnique to identify people, places, and things in corresponding videoframes that indicate the occurrence of an event.

The content application may identify events in prerecorded audio/videocontent as well as during live broadcasts of audio/video content using,for example, any of the applicable techniques discussed above. Thecontent application may identify more than one event for any particulartime segment of the audio/video content. Events may overlap entirely orpartially. For example, a time segment for a first event might alsoentirely include a second event, where the duration of the first eventis at least as long as that of the second event. A partial overlap ispossible where a first event occurs during a portion of a second event.

When events are identified, the content application may createidentifiers that correlate the identified events to their respectivetime segments of the audio/video content. The identifiers may be storedlocally at the user equipment, may be communicated and stored at, forexample, the enhanced metadata source 318 as enhanced metadata (e.g.,for future use by this and other users), or both.

At step 404, for each of the identified events in the audio/videocontent, the content application identifies corresponding enhancedmetadata. As previously discussed, enhanced metadata may be accessedfrom the audio/video content itself, from a remote enhanced metadatadatabase, such as from enhanced metadata source 318, or both. Enhancedmetadata may be organized and indexed in any suitable one or more ways.For example, in some embodiments, enhanced metadata organization andarchitecture may be defined according to type or genre of audio/videocontent. In one suitable approach, enhanced metadata may be indexedaccording to event. In such a system, each event may correspond to a setof types of data that are specific to the type of audio/video content.For example, for a sports broadcast, at least some events may correspondto a set of competition rules and definitions of terms. Any othersuitable types of data can be used to define metadata for a type ofevent and a type of audio/video content.

Using a sports broadcast as the audio/video content to illustrate, thecontent application may identify enhanced metadata corresponding toevents detected in the broadcast. The enhanced metadata may include, forexample, rules associated for each respective event (e.g., what happensduring a home run in baseball) as well as any other suitable informationspecific to the particular sport or competition being played (e.g.,definition of a “safety” in American football). Enhanced metadata forsports broadcasts may also include any other suitable information suchas historical statistics data, bracket information, player information,any other suitable information, or any combination thereof.

At step 406, the content application extracts content-specific data fromthe audio/video content. The content-specific data provides informationabout an event that is specific to the particular audio/video contentbeing analyzed. For example, content-specific data may include names ofpeople, places, and things associated with an event identified by thecontent application. While enhanced metadata includes generalinformation about the event, the content-specific data may provide morefocused details about what is happening in a particular event within theaudio/video content. As illustrated in the soccer game broadcast exampleof FIG. 1, content-specific data includes names of players involved inrespective events.

In some embodiments, the content application may extract certaincontent-specific data to supplement enhanced metadata identified at step404. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, enhanced content 116includes an event description indicating that a yellow card was used.The enhanced metadata, in this example, may have fields associated withthis event description that can be filled in with content-specific datathat specifies the name of the player against whom the yellow card wasused (i.e., Smith), what the infraction was that caused the yellow cardto be used (i.e., tackling), and the name of the player whom theinfraction was against (i.e., Johnson), if applicable. In someembodiments, different versions of such fill-in-the-blank enhancedmetadata can be maintained and used depending on the content-specificdata made available. If no content-specific data can be extracted fromthe available enhanced metadata, then the content application may chooseto use a generic enhanced metadata item.

The content application may analyze the audio/video content in anattempt to extract particular content-specific data that may, in onesuitable approach, be defined by the enhanced metadata. For example, theenhanced metadata identified at step 404 may indicate to the contentapplication which content-specific data to look for in the audio/videocontent. For a sports broadcast, for example, the content applicationwill know to look for, for example, players' names, team names, scores,or any other suitable soccer and sports competition-specificinformation.

The content application may extract content-specific data from anysuitable one or more data sources using any suitable one or moreprocessing techniques. For example, the content application may use anysuitable language processing techniques to analyze the caption dataassociated with a particular audio/video content, to the extent it isavailable. The content application may use any suitable voicerecognition and language processing techniques to analyze audio data inaudio/video content, to the extent it is available. The contentapplication may analyze program guide data (e.g., made available to thecontent application in ways similar to the enhanced metadata fromenhanced metadata source 318, for example). Any such suitable techniquesmay be used to extract content-specific data. In some embodiments, thecontent application may access information from servers that providerelevant information about events that might occur in the audio/videocontent. For example, for a live sports broadcast, the contentapplication may access and extract data from a web server that hosts awebsite with real-time information regarding what is happening in thesubject sports competition.

At step 408, the content application generates augmented content basedon the audio/video content, the enhanced metadata, and thecontent-specific data. The augmented content includes the originalaudio/video content as well as enhanced interactive content. Forexample, for every time segment in the audio/video content during whichthe content application identifies at least one event, the contentapplication may include in the augmented content a visualuser-selectable indicator, such as indicators 104 and 106 in the exampleillustrated in FIG. 1, each indicator representing a respective event.For every event, the content application generates contextualinformation using the enhanced metadata and content-specific dataidentified and extracted at steps 404 and 406, respectively.

The content application generates contextual information as part of theaugmented content according to any suitable technique. For example, eachevent for a particular type of audio/video content may have one or morecorresponding predefined templates that the content application may usefor generating the contextual information. For example, a template mayinclude certain predefined textual verbiage, graphics, or both, that areused to provide additional information about the event. Differenttemplates may be available for the same event. The content applicationmay choose which template to use based on, for example, what enhancedmetadata, content-specific data, or both, are available. Templates maybe provided as part of the enhanced metadata. A template may includegeneral information about the event that would be applicable to the typeof event that occurred in the subject audio/video content as well as inother audio/video content of the same type as the subject audio/videocontent. General information about an event would preferably begenerated according to enhanced metadata. A template may also includeinformation specific to the subject audio/video content, which wouldpreferably be generated according to content-specific data. A templatemay contain a combination of general information and specificinformation about the event. For example, a template may include generalinformation with fields to be filled in with specific informationprovided by the content-specific data. As another example, a templatefor a sport broadcast event may include a subject rule of the event aswell as an application of the rule to that particular event. This isillustrated in FIG. 1, previously discussed.

At step 410, the content application provides the augmented content touser equipment for display to a user on a display device. When thecontent application detects an event occurring in the audio/videocontent, the content application causes an indicator to be displayedsimultaneously with the audio/video content until the conclusion of theevent or within a defined time period of the conclusion of the event.The indicator indicates to the user that an event has been detected andthat contextual information is available for the detected event. A usermay be given the ability to select the indicator using any suitabletechnique, such as by using a mouse, a remote control, a touch-sensitivedisplay, any other suitable technique, or any combination thereof. Anindicator may be any suitable graphical element (including a staticimage, an animated image, or both), textual element, or both. Anindicator may be selected by the content application based on the event.For example, an image typically associated with the event may be used(e.g., an image of a yellow card can be used as the indicator to denotethat a yellow card has been used in a broadcast of a soccer game).

When there are multiple events taking place in an overlapping timeperiod, the content application may display respective indicators foreach event. In this case, each image may be distinguishable from theother. In some embodiments, the content application may display the sameimage for each event or for certain groups of events.

Upon selection of the indicator, the corresponding contextualinformation is displayed by the content application. The contextualinformation may include textual elements, graphic element, or both. Insome embodiments, the contextual information is scrollable by the userusing any suitable input technique. In some embodiments, the contextualinformation may be selectable by the user to display additionalcontextual information (e.g., to obtain more detailed information aboutthe event).

It will be understood that FIG. 4 is merely illustrative and that thesteps shown may be performed in any suitable order. For example,detecting an event and extracting content-specific data may occur inparallel (in whole or in part). As another example, identifying enhancedmetadata may occur in parallel with either detecting an event,extracting content-specific data, or both (in whole or in part).

While the present disclosure is provided primarily in the context of theaudio/video content being a sports broadcast, it will be understood thatthis merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of thefunctionality disclosed herein. In some embodiments, for example, thecontent application may operate on dramatic television shows and films.In this example, the content application may detect events such as acharacter crying. The content application may generate contextualinformation in accordance with the present disclosure that may indicatethat the character had been in a relationship with a particular othercharacter and is crying in response to that relationship ending. Thisprovides benefit to a user who may not have seen enough of thetelevision show or movie to understand why the character is crying.Enhanced metadata may include information about the relationship withthe other character (e.g., if this audio/video content is a laterepisode in a long-running show and an enhanced metadata database of theplot or certain arcs of the plot is available). Content-specific datamay be that the relationship ended (e.g., the current audio/videocontent is where the end of the relationship is first disclosed).

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of thisdisclosure and various modifications may be made by those skilled in theart without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Theabove-described embodiments are presented for purposes of illustrationand not of limitation. The present disclosure also can take many formsother than those explicitly described herein. Accordingly, it isemphasized that this disclosure is not limited to the explicitlydisclosed methods, systems, and apparatuses, but is intended to includevariations to and modifications thereof, which are within the spirit ofthe following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method for augmentingaudio/video content, the method comprising: determining, usingprocessing equipment, that the audio/video content is related to asports broadcast of a particular sport; identifying, using theprocessing equipment, enhanced metadata associated with the particularsport in an enhanced metadata database; identifying, using theprocessing equipment, a plurality of possible events that may occurduring the particular sport and rules associated with the plurality ofpossible events, based on the enhanced metadata associated with theparticular sport; detecting, using the processing equipment, an eventamong the plurality of possible events during a time segment of theaudio/video content based on data in the audio/video contentcorresponding to the time segment; identifying, using the processingequipment, enhanced metadata associated with the event in the enhancedmetadata database, the identified enhanced metadata associated with theevent comprising a rule associated with the event among the rulesassociated with the plurality of possible events and an application ofthe rule to the event; extracting, using the processing equipment,content-specific data from the audio/video content; augmenting, usingthe processing equipment, the audio/video content with the ruleassociated with the event, with the application of the rule to theevent, and with the content-specific data to generate augmented content;and providing the augmented content for display on user equipment duringplayback of the time segment.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the timesegment is a first time segment, and wherein the method furthercomprises: identifying a second event among the plurality of possibleevents in a second time segment of the audio/video content that at leastpartially overlaps with the first time segment; and identifying secondenhanced metadata associated with the second event, the identifiedsecond enhanced metadata associated with the second event comprising asecond rule associated with the second event among the rules associatedwith the plurality of possible events and an application of the secondrule to the second event, wherein augmenting the audio/video contentcomprises augmenting the audio/video content with the rule associatedwith the event, the application of the rule to the event, thecontent-specific data, the second rule associated with the second event,and the application of the second rule to the second event to generateaugmented data.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising extractingsecond content-specific data from the audio/visual content, whereinaugmenting the audio/video content comprises augmenting the audio/videocontent with the rule associated with the event, the application of therule to the event, the content-specific data, the second rule associatedwith the second event, the application of the second rule to the secondevent, and the second content-specific data to generate augmented data.4. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the augmented content fordisplay on user equipment during playback of the time segment comprisescausing to be simultaneously displayed on the user equipment during thetime segment content from the audio/video content and interactivecontent associated with the event.
 5. The method of claim 1, whereinextracting the content specific data from the audio/video contentcomprises extracting the content-specific data from closed-captioningdata of the audio/video content.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein theplurality of possible events that may occur during the particular sportcomprise a list of possible events.
 7. A system for augmentingaudio/video content, the system comprising: electronic storage equipmentconfigured to store an enhanced metadata database; and processingequipment coupled to the electronic storage equipment and configured to:determine that the audio/video content is related to a sports broadcastof a particular sport, identify enhanced metadata associated with theparticular sport in the enhanced metadata database, identify a pluralityof possible events that may occur during the particular sport and rulesassociated with the plurality of possible events, based on the enhancedmetadata associated with the particular sport, detect an event among theplurality of possible events during a time segment of the audio/videocontent based on data in the audio/video content corresponding to thetime segment, identify enhanced metadata associated with the event inthe enhanced metadata database, the identified enhanced metadataassociated with the event comprising a rule associated with the eventamong the rules associated with the plurality of possible events and anapplication of the rule to the event, extract content-specific data fromthe audio/video content, augment the audio/video content with the ruleassociated with the event, with the application of the rule to theevent, and with the content-specific data to generate augmented content,and provide the augmented content for display on user equipment duringplayback of the time segment.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the timesegment is a first time segment, and wherein the processing equipment isfurther configured to: identify a second event among the plurality ofpossible events in a second time segment of the audio/video content thatat least partially overlaps with the first time segment; identify secondenhanced metadata associated with the second event, the identifiedsecond enhanced metadata associated with the second event comprising asecond rule associated with the second event among the rules associatedwith the plurality of possible events and an application of the secondrule to the second event; and augment the audio/video content with therule associated with the event, the application of the rule to theevent, the content-specific data, the second rule associated with thesecond event, and the application of the second rule to the second eventto generate augmented data.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein theprocessing equipment is further configured to: extract secondcontent-specific data from the audio/visual content; and augment theaudio/video content with the rule associated with the event, theapplication of the rule to the event, the content-specific data, thesecond rule associated with the second event, the application of thesecond rule to the second event, and the second content-specific data togenerate augmented data.
 10. The system of claim 7, wherein theprocessing equipment is further configured to cause to be simultaneouslydisplayed on the user equipment during the time segment content from theaudio/video content and interactive content associated with the event.11. The system of claim 7, wherein the processing equipment is furtherconfigured to extract the content-specific data from closed-captioningdata of the audio/video content.
 12. A non-transitory computer readablemedium having computer instructions stored thereon for programming acomputer to perform a method comprising: determining, using processingequipment, that audio/video content is related to a sports broadcast ofa particular sport; identifying, using the processing equipment,enhanced metadata associated with the particular sport in an enhancedmetadata database; identifying, using the processing equipment, aplurality of possible events that may occur during the particular sportand rules associated with the plurality of possible events, based on theenhanced metadata associated with the particular sport; detecting, usingthe processing equipment, an event among the plurality of possibleevents during a time segment of the audio/video content based on data inthe audio/video content corresponding to the time segment; identifying,using the processing equipment, enhanced metadata associated with theevent in the enhanced metadata database, the identified enhancedmetadata associated with the event comprising a rule associated with theevent among the rules associated with the plurality of possible eventsand an application of the rule to the event; extracting, using theprocessing equipment, content-specific data from the audio/videocontent; augmenting, using the processing equipment, the audio/videocontent with the rule associated with the event, with the application ofthe rule to the event, and with the content-specific data to generateaugmented content; and providing the augmented content for display onuser equipment during playback of the time segment.
 13. Thenon-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein the timesegment is a first time segment, and wherein the method furthercomprises: identifying a second event among the plurality of possibleevents in a second time segment of the audio/video content that at leastpartially overlaps with the first time segment; and identifying secondenhanced metadata associated with the second event, the identifiedsecond enhanced metadata associated with the second event comprising asecond rule associated with the second event among the rules associatedwith the plurality of possible events and an application of the secondrule to the second event, wherein augmenting the audio/video contentcomprises augmenting the audio/video content with the rule associatedwith the event, the application of the rule to the event, thecontent-specific data, the second rule associated with the second event,and the application of the second rule to the second event to generateaugmented data.
 14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim13, wherein the method further comprises extracting secondcontent-specific data from the audio/visual content, wherein augmentingthe audio/video content comprises augmenting the audio/video contentwith the rule associated with the event, the application of the rule tothe event, the content-specific data, the second rule associated withthe second event, the application of the second rule to the secondevent, and the second content-specific data to generate augmented data.15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, whereinproviding the augmented content for display on user equipment duringplayback of the time segment comprises causing to be simultaneouslydisplayed on the user equipment during the time segment content from theaudio/video content and interactive content associated with the event.16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, whereinextracting the content specific data from the audio/video contentcomprises extracting the content-specific data from closed-captioningdata of the audio/video content.